Author: Anonymous

During early cardiac morphogenesis, the outflow tract must undergo septation via the development and rotational twisting of the truncoconal (conotruncal) ridges. If these ridges form properly but completely fail to spiral as they partition the truncus arteriosus, which congenital cardiac defect will be present at birth? 

While performing a routine echocardiogram on a newborn in the nursery you obtain the following 2D image in the apical 4 chamber view. What is the most likely cardiac diagnosis based on this 2D image?

Which cardiac structure is noted by the arrow in this 3D image?

The primary echocardiographic hallmark of an aortic dissection is:  

A 1-day-old neonate presents to the intensive care unit in cardiogenic shock. An emergency echocardiogram reveals the following 2D SAX and Apical 4 chamber views. What is the most likely diagnosis and which critical images must you, the sonographer, obtain?

In the parasternal long axis view, which of the following anatomic spatial relationships is considered a diagnostic hallmark of classic tetralogy of Fallot

While performing a routine echocardiogram on a newborn in the nursery you obtain the following 2D image in the parasternal long axis view. What is the most likely cardiac diagnosis based on this 2D image and what anatomical images are critical to obtain?

 When reviewing the chronological timeline of embryonic cardiac morphogenesis, the vast majority of true structural congenital heart defects (CHDs)—such as transposition of the great arteries, common atrioventricular canals, and ventricular septal defects—are formed during which specific gestational timeframe?

A neonatal echocardiogram reveals a large ostium primum atrial septal defect, an inlet ventricular septal defect, and a single, common atrioventricular valve orifice bridging both ventricles, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

When scanning a STAT newborn for an indication of a murmur You note the following anatomy a complete absence of the pulmonary valve with aneurysmal dilation of the pulmonary arteries?