The following terms are the three causes of disparity as ide…

The following terms are the three causes of disparity as identified by the Sentencing Project. Match the causes to their explanation.        Structural Disadvantage     /   Policies and Practices     /    Implicit Bias   Beliefs about dangerousness and threat to public safety are more likely correlated to people of color. Public knowledge of racial disparities of the prison population actually increases the belief that there must be tough sentencing practices. The social and economic disadvantages (poverty, unemployment, housing, high school dropout rates, and family issues) of minorities before they are involved in crime contribute to the higher rates of crime in minority communities. Disparities mount further along into the system from arrest to incarceration. Harsh drug laws enacted from the late 1980s – 1990s that lengthened prison sentences more seriously impacted blacks, who are 4x more likely to be arrested than whites for drug offenses. 

A Rubik’s cube is a 3D combination puzzle invented in 1974….

A Rubik’s cube is a 3D combination puzzle invented in 1974. Each side has 9 colored panels (left image below), and an internal pivot mechanism enables each side to turn independently (center image below), thus mixing up the colors. For the puzzle to be solved, each face must have all panels with the same color (right image below). Suppose you are given the state of an unsolved Rubik’s cube. Which search algorithm would you use to solve it? Why? And how? You do not have to show the algorithm running, just explain how it would be used to solve the problem above.

Y y1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.1 0.1 y2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.07 0.2 y3…

Y y1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.1 0.1 y2 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.07 0.2 y3 0.1 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 X Consider the joint distribution p(x,y) of two discrete random variables X and Y shown above, where X can take values in {x1, x2, x3, x4, x5} and Y in {y1, y2, y3}. Compute the marginal distributions p(x) and p(y).