Part1: Consider the structure of the drug NICOTINE and the pKa table shown here. Drug HA BH+ Nicotine — N1=3.12 N2=8.02 *** a) Explain the differences in pKa values for N1 and N2. [blank1] (e.g., the pKa for N1 is greater/less than pKa for N2 because…) *** b) At what pH would nicotine be sufficiently protonated to have a total +2 charge? [blank2] (e.g. pH = ##) Part 2: Nicotine (in nicotine gum) is sometimes flavored with artificial sweeteners such as acesulfame, an acidic compound shown here: *** c) The acidic group in acesulfame is a sulfonamide. Which point(s) on the molecule (a-f) include the sulfonamide functional group? [blank3] (e.g. a to b; b to f; a-c; etc…) *** d) Assuming nicotine is completely ionized (+2, see b above)…If nicotine and acesulfame reacted to form a salt, what would be the ratio of nicotine to acesulfame? [blank4] (e.g. 2:3 or 2 to 3) Considering either functional group N1 or N2 in nicotine, use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the molar ratio and % IONIZED, %UNIONIZED for Nicotine at pH 7.4 Possibly helpful equations: pH = pKa + log(A-)/(HA) -or- pH = pKa + log(B)/(BH+) *** e) Please specify N1 or N2 and then your percentages: [blank5] (e.g. N1: %I = ##.#; %UI = ##.#)
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The following statements are ALL FALSE. CORRECT THE STATEMEN…
The following statements are ALL FALSE. CORRECT THE STATEMENTS *** Alkaloids like quinine are biologically active amine-containing compounds typically found in animals [blank1] *** The DNA/RNA base shown here is categorized as a pyrimidine [blank2]
Consider the drugs PB and AU shown here. Which compound(s) i…
Consider the drugs PB and AU shown here. Which compound(s) is/are susceptible to ester hydrolysis? Select all that apply…
Consider the drugs PB and AU shown here. Which drug could fo…
Consider the drugs PB and AU shown here. Which drug could form a salt by reacting with NaCl?
The drugs cephalosporin, cefipime, and ceftriaxone all conta…
The drugs cephalosporin, cefipime, and ceftriaxone all contain a beta-lactam pharmacophore; therefore the are likely to exhibit similar biological and/or pharmacological activity.
Consider the compound Elamipretide shown here. ENTER A, B, C…
Consider the compound Elamipretide shown here. ENTER A, B, C, D, E or NONE to complete the blanks… *** a) Identify a region that is considered POLAR [blank1] *** b) Identify a region that is considered lipophilic [blank2] *** c) Identify a region that includes that amino acid Phenylalanine [blank3] *** d) Identify a region that can ionize greater than 50% at pH 7.4 [blank4] *** e) What types of bonds present in Elamipretide would readily hydrolyze under acidic conditions? Briefly explain… [blank5]
Consider the compound Efegatron shown here. ENTER A, B, C, D…
Consider the compound Efegatron shown here. ENTER A, B, C, D, or NONE to complete the blanks… *** a) Identify a region that is considered NONPOLAR [blank1] *** b) Identify a region that is considered hydrophilic [blank2] *** c) Identify a region that includes that amino acid Glutamic acid [blank3] *** d) Identify a region that can ionize greater than 50% at pH 7.4 [blank4] *** e) What types of bonds present in Efegatron would readily hydrolyze under acidic conditions? Briefly explain… [blank5]
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has two pKas, see figure below ***…
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) has two pKas, see figure below *** Which is the stronger acid? [blank1] *** Briefly explain your answer… [blank2]
Consider the panel of amines. – Select the amine group that…
Consider the panel of amines. – Select the amine group that is least likely to behave as a hydrogen bond acceptor.
Question 11 (24 points). Provided below is the structure of…
Question 11 (24 points). Provided below is the structure of (+)-xylose. Non-bonding electrons have been omitted for clarity. Re-draw the structure of (+)-xylose on paper. To preview the image: Click HERE Identify ALL of the chiral/asymmetric centers in (+)-xylose and indicate them with a * symbol. Assign the absolute configuration for each chiral/asymmetric center in (+)-xylose. Draw the structure of (-)-xylose and assign the configuration for each chiral/asymmetric center in (-)-xylose.