As dоg breeds gо, the Pоmerаniаn is а miniature spitz, bred down over the centuries into lap-size versions of sled dogs. Among the small toy dogs, then, the Pomeranian is doggier than most because they retain some traits of the working dog breed that is their genetic origin. Like most dog owners, I have firsthand familiarity with genetic variations and qualities within a breed, because I have two Pomeranians, both females, both miniature sled dogs. But it is there where the similarity ends. Our first Pomeranian, Annika, is a red or sable colored little dog who looks exactly like a fox with a big bushy tail that curves up, spitz-like, above her back. However, this tail doesn't seem to work because she only wags it on the rare occasions when she is asking to go for a ride in the car. The other little dog, Maya, is white and looks like a baby harp seal. Mayas tail, unlike Annikas, works overtime; all you have to do is look at her and she wags it like a parade watcher waving a flag. Both dogs look like they could pull a miniature sleigh, but only one of the two really has the personality traits for working in a dog pack. Maya would have been an excellent sled dog because she is truly a pack animal. When we go for walks, she only wants to go because the pack is leaving, and while we walk, she never strays from my side, since I am clearly the pack leader. When I try to take a different route than usual, Maya plops down in the middle of the sidewalk and refuses to vary our itinerary. Whenever there are varmints like possums or armadillos in the yard, Maya takes no notice. If she barks at all, it is only because the other dogs are raising a ruckus. She neither sees nor cares that there is game afoot. Annika is not a pack dog. She seems to have been bred to do terrier-like work, ferreting out small creatures from gardens and fields. Annika has no interest in the packs whereabouts. In an army, she would have served as point, the solo seeker who goes out ahead to find the enemy. She does not care if the other pack members follow her or not; the trail of the prey is more dominant in her instincts. At night when the armadillo that lives under the deck comes out, Annika senses its presence and whines to go out on the porch and pace back and forth while the armored beast snorts in the dirt beneath her. Maya will go out and bark only if the other dogs do so; whenever she joins in, she never gives any sign that she knows what they are all barking about. Both dogs are Pomeranians, but with genetic differences. Geneticists must wonder if human life could be improved if people bred for successful personality traits as dog breeders do. The authors primary purpose in this passage is to
A kinship system thаt fаvоrs the relаtives оf the mоther is based on______