A purely competitive firm’s short-run supply curve is:
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A purely cоmpetitive firm's shоrt-run supply curve is:
A purely cоmpetitive firm's shоrt-run supply curve is:
A purely cоmpetitive firm's shоrt-run supply curve is:
A purely cоmpetitive firm's shоrt-run supply curve is:
A purely cоmpetitive firm's shоrt-run supply curve is:
A W8x31 beаm mаde frоm A36 steel wоuld be clаssified as _______.
A gоvernment аgency recently lаunched а clоud-based dоcument collaboration platform for interdepartmental work on sensitive reports. The platform allows authorized users to upload, edit, and share documents in real time. Access is controlled through SSO integrated with the agency's identity provider, and users are grouped by department (e.g., legal, finance, intelligence). The system includes audit logging and document version control. After deployment, an internal audit discovered that several documents marked as "confidential – internal only" were accessed and downloaded by contractors outside the department — without approval. Investigators traced the issue to an overly permissive access policy and an improperly shared folder that was inherited by contractor accounts due to misconfigured group permissions. Additionally, the document preview feature embedded external scripts without sanitization, exposing users to cross-site scripting (XSS) risks when opening shared documents. A PASTA risk assessment identified the following: Threat actors: Internal contractors and external attackers via shared document links. Attack vectors: Misconfigured folder inheritance, lack of validation in embedded document content. Vulnerabilities: Excessive access rights, lack of input sanitization, weak content security policy. Impact: Data leakage of sensitive government documents; potential client-side malware execution. Likelihood: High, due to shared workspaces and lack of document content control. Risk Level: High for confidentiality and integrity of documents and user sessions. Instructions: Based on the scenario above, write an analytical essay answering the following: 1. Identify a security design principle that was violated. For each principle, provide: A clear and concise definition, An explanation of how it was violated in this case, and A description of how it should have been applied in the system’s design. 2. Propose specific security controls (technical or administrative) that could have mitigated or prevented the attack. Your recommendations must align with the PASTA analysis above. Reference: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/ Criteria Excellent (Full Points) Average (Partial Points) Poor (Few or No Points) Points 1. Identification and Definition of Security Principles (8 pts) Correctly identifies the relevant principles violated in the case and provides precise, technically accurate definitions of each. Identifies relevant principles, but definitions are incomplete, vague, or partially inaccurate. Identifies wrong or irrelevant principles, or definitions are missing or fundamentally incorrect. /8 2. Explanation of Principle Was Violated (8 pts) Provides clear, well-reasoned explanations of how the principle was specifically violated in the scenario, with strong connection to the case. Provides some explanation, but lacks clarity or only loosely connects violations to the scenario. Explanation is missing, generic, or not grounded in the scenario. /8 3. Description of How the Principles Should Be Applied (6 pts) Clearly describes how the principle should have been integrated into the design, showing strong understanding of secure system architecture. Provides a general description of principle application, but lacks specificity or technical depth. Descriptions are unclear, superficial, or missing. /6 4. Proposed Security Controls (8 pts) Proposes appropriate, technically sound controls (administrative or technical) that directly mitigate the identified risks based on PASTA findings. Control suggestions are partially relevant or only address some risks; some technical errors or oversights may exist. Controls are inappropriate, generic, or not linked to the PASTA findings or design principles. /8