In the film in Mоdule pаge 12.9, whаt initiаtive did the FBI and lоcal law enfоrcement use to attack the L.A. chapter of the Black Panther Party?
Cоnversiоns/Equаtiоns Bаsic Conversions/Cаlculations 1:1 ppm = 1 mg/kg or 1 µg/g (solid) or 1 mg/L (liquid)1% = 10,000 ppm = 10,000 mg/kg = 10 mg/g (solid) = 10 mg/mL (liquid)1 ppm = 0.0001% DRY:1 oz = 28.35 g1 cup = 8 oz1 teaspoon = 5 g1 tablespoon = 15 g LIQUID:1 fluid oz = 29.6 mL1 quart = 0.946 L1 gallon = 3,785 mL = 3.785 L1 cup = 8 fluid oz = 237 mL1 teaspoon = 5 mL1 tablespoon = 15 mL Conversion of lb to oz by multiplying by 16Conversion of kg to lb by multiplying by 2.20Conversion of lb to kg by multiplying by 0.454Conversion of oz/kg BW to oz/lb BW by multiplying the number of ounces by 0.454Conversion of Crude Protein Equivalent as Urea to % Urea by dividing the Crude Protein Equivalent as Urea (%) by 2.92Conversion of grams/ton to ppm by remembering that 1 g/ton = 1.1 ppm and that 100g/ton = 110 ppmConversion of ppm of A in feed to dosage of A as mg/kg BW: mg A/kg BW = Level of A in feed (ppm of A or mg of A/kg of feed) X kg feed consumedkg BW Calculating half-life/withdrawal time for residue-causing compounds in animals:CR = Cie-kt CR = Remaining concentration/CI = Initial concentration/e = 2.72 (base of natural logarithms)/k = Elimination rate constant for the tissue, toxicant, and animal species/t = time between samplings in (hours or days). What assumptions are being made for this equation to be valid? Osmole Gap = Measured Serum “Osmolality”- Calculated Serum “Osmolality,” with measured Serum “Osmolality” = Serum Osmolarity in mosm/L Calculated or Estimated Serum “Osmolality” = 2 [Na+] + [glucose/18]+[BUN/2.8], with Na+ expressed in mEq/L and glucose and BUN expressed in mg/dL. The 18 and 2.8 denominators are used to convert the measured values of glucose and BUN expressed in mg/dL to mmol/L. It should be noted that 2 [Na+] can be used as a very rough estimate of serum “Osmolality.” It has also been estimated that for every pound of a chemical applied per acre of forage, grazing animals are exposed to ≈ 7mg/kg of BW (assuming consumption of 3% of its body weight). Converting concentrations of toxicants reported on a dry-weight basis to what the concentration would likely be on a wet-weight basis = dry weight concentration X the calculated/estimated non-aqueous proportion of the sample (1-proportion water). Conversely, concentrations of toxicants determined on a wet-weight basis can be converted to a dry-weight basis by dividing the wet-weight concentration by the calculated/estimated non-aqueous proportion of the sample. As an example, liver tissues are usually around 75% water. The proportion to use for conversions would be 1 – 0.75 = 0.25. A = Number of xenobiotic-exposed individuals with diseaseB = Number of xenobiotic-exposed individuals without diseaseA + B = Total number of xenobiotic-exposed individualsC = Number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic with diseaseD = Number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic without diseaseC + D = Total number of individuals not exposed to xenobiotic A = Number of diseased individuals with previous exposure to xenobioticC = Number of diseased individuals without previous exposure to xenobioticA + C = Total number of diseased individualsB = Number of non-diseased individuals with previous xenobiotic exposureD = Number of non-diseased individuals without previous xenobiotic exposureB + D = Total number of non-diseased individuals