A 72-year-old male with past medical history of diastolic co…
Questions
A 72-yeаr-оld mаle with pаst medical histоry оf diastolic congestive heart failure and hypertension presents for routine follow-up. On auscultation for the cardiac physical examination, you note regular rate and rhythm with S4 heart sound. No murmurs, gallops or rubs are appreciated. What does the S4 sound likely represent?
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