What equation can be used to calculate the velocity of plate…
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Whаt equаtiоn cаn be used tо calculate the velоcity of plate motion?
Answer аny 3 оf the fоllоwing (hopefully highly fаmiliаr) short essay questions (*with constraint below). Each question is worth 8 points. Write your answers, labeled with relevant question numbers, in the three questions that follow below. Good luck! *For questions with the same number, answer only one of the set (i.e., answer E2A or E2B but not both). For questions with subparts [(a), (b), etc.], you should answer all subparts. In terms of length, a reasonable guideline is that roughly 2-3 well-written paragraphs should generally be sufficient to answer most questions. General comments on grading standards are listed at the end of the exam; these may be helpful in writing your responses. ============== E1. Compare and contrast the views of Adam Smith and the character Gordon Gekko (from the 1987 movie Wall Street) in terms of the value of self-interest. Would Adam Smith agree with Gekko’s claim that "greed, for lack of a better word, is good"? Why or why not (or to what extent, or with what qualifications)? Discuss, drawing on topics and readings from the class. You may answer either E2A or E2B but not both. E2A. In R8, Greene states that “[t]he normative and descriptive Trolley Problems are closely related.” What are the normative and descriptive Trolley Problems, and how does Greene think they are related? E2B. Consider the different trolley problems we’ve discussed in this class. Describe the different responses that people tend to have in the Switch and Footbridge cases. Why is this pattern of responses interesting? What (if anything) does this difference tell us about people’s moral psychology? You may answer either E3A or E3B but not both. E3A. In R12, Kennedy claims consumers have various rights. Is his view in this reading best thought of as a consequentialist view or a deontological view (or a mixture)? Explain. E3B. In R15, the FTC presents their perspective on what constitutes deceptive acts or practices in marketing. Would the FTC standard best be considered a consequentialist or a deontological view (or a mixture)? Explain. E4. Briefly describe (a) a common criticism of utilitarianism, and (b) a possible response to that criticism, defending utilitarianism. Which side (the critic or the defender) do you think has the stronger case in your example, and why? (Hint: the Mill reading R6 could be especially helpful here.) E5. In R19, Thaler & Sunstein introduce the phrase “libertarian paternalism.” What do they mean by this phrase? Is libertarian paternalism a contradiction in terms? Or can these two terms be reconciled, and if so, how? How might the concepts in Haidt (R11) be relevant to interpreting this phrase? Discuss. You may answer only one of E6A or E6B or E6C. E6A. Suppose your roommate (or friend, relative, whatever) glances at the notes for this class, and notices the use of the terms “phishing” and “nudging.” Your puzzled roommate asks you: “what is the difference between phishing and nudging? Can someone phish and nudge at the same time?” Answer your roommate’s questions, addressing and distinguishing the perspectives of Akerlof, Shiller, Sunstein, and Thaler. (In short, compare and contrast “phishing” and “nudging.”) E6B. Satz (R13) discusses “noxious markets” and Akerlof & Shiller (R18) discuss “phishing for phools”. Compare and contrast these two perspectives. What do these two views have in common? How are they different? E6C. Discuss the general concept of “phishing” (as used in the course reading R18) in the context of Kennedy’s “consumer bill of rights” (R12). Does phishing violate or threaten any of these rights? Which ones, and how so? You may answer either E7A or E7B but not both. E7A. Briefly describe 2 of the moral foundations proposed by Haidt (R11) and describe how a utilitarian could NOT easily explain or justify them. In other words, explain how these 2 moral foundations would NOT fit well with utilitarianism. E7B. In Chapter 17 of Nudge (included in R19), Thaler and Sunstein discuss and respond to various criticisms of their approach. How might these various criticisms (and responses) be described in terms of Haidt’s moral foundations? Discuss. E8. Describe and critically evaluate Frank’s discussion and defense of “the hurdle method” in R23. Is his argument convincing? Does his argument work equally well for all types of products or exchanges? What concerns might Satz (R13) have about Frank’s defense of the hurdle method? E9. Describe the ultimatum game and discuss the different arguments for the proper way people should behave in this game. What assumptions or considerations are those arguments based on? What did our class demonstration and discussion of the ultimatum game suggest about (i) how people typically approach this game and (ii) how well they “succeed” at this game? E10. (a) Describe the different types of “phools” discussed by Akerlof & Shiller (R18), and (b) provide a novel example of each type (i.e., give an example different from the ones they give). (c) Which type of phoolishness do you think is most worrisome or problematic in the world, and why? E11. Recall again this lovely passage from Adam Smith (R1, WN Book 1 Ch 2): The strength of the mastiff is not, in the least, supported either by the swiftness of the greyhound, or by the sagacity of the spaniel, or by the docility of the shepherd’s dog...Each animal is still obliged to support and defend itself, separately and independently, and derives no sort of advantage from that variety of talents with which nature has distinguished its fellows. Among men, on the contrary, the most dissimilar geniuses are of use to one another; the different produces of their respective talents, by the general disposition to truck, barter, and exchange, being brought, as it were, into a common stock, where every man may purchase whatever part of the produce of other men’s talents he has occasion for. What does this passage suggest about how people do (or should) relate to each other? What does it suggest about what responsibilities people may have to each other in terms of commerce or consumption? How does it relate to the concept of “minding your own business”? (Hint: This last phrase might have multiple interpretations.) You may answer only one of E12A or E12B or E12C. E12A. How would you apply concepts from this class to describing, understanding, or even improving our various recent public health dilemmas/controversies? E12B. How would you apply concepts from this class to describing, understanding, or even improving our various recent social media dilemmas/controversies? E12C. How would you apply concepts from this class to describing, understanding, or even improving our various recent artificial intelligence dilemmas/controversies? (The various versions of E12 are intentionally very open-ended, but I would hope and expect that you could discuss at least 2 different course readings or concepts in your answer.)
Sаrаh wаnts tо invest mоney fоr a long-term financial goal. She is considering stocks, bonds, mutual funds, real estate, and commodities. Which statement BEST describes investment risk?