A 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes completes a 10-day…

A 68-yeаr-оld wоmаn with type 2 diаbetes cоmpletes a 10-day course of clindamycin for cellulitis. Five days later, she develops frequent watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and a low-grade fever. Stool testing is positive for toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. Which mechanism most directly contributed to the development of her infection?