Knоwing; Pb2+(аq) + 2 e− → Pb(s), E0 = −0.13 V Mg2+(аq) + 2 e− → Mg(s), E0 = −2.37 V Cаlculate change in the standard Gibbs free energy fоr the fоllowing reaction at 298 K. Pb2+(aq) + Mg(s) → Pb(s) + Mg2+(aq)
PASSAGE 2: Reаd this pаssаge tо answer questiоns 7-14 Hair: Why Dо We Care? [A] It is estimated that the average woman in America usually goes through over 100 different hairstyles during her adult life. There are many women who will proudly claim that they have had hair of various lengths, styles, and colors. Although men are not thought to make alterations as frequently as women, some men do make dramatic changes to their hairstyles at key moments in their lives. These facts lead to a crucial question: What is it that makes people change their hairstyles? To answer this, we must turn to the discipline of psychology. [B] The first reason that psychologists provide is fairly straightforward. The way our hair looks is directly associated with our age. For most people, aging causes some degree of anxiety. Hiding the fact that we are getting older can thus help to relieve this stress. For men who are gradually losing their hair, a new hairstyle can help cover a noticeable bald spot. For women, a new color can cover up the appearance of gray hairs. In short, changes to hairstyle can go a long way in maintaining an individual's appearance of youthfulness. [C] According to psychologists, a second common reason why people change their hair is because an attractive hairstyle is a great way to make a first impression. Since it frames our face, our hair is one of the physical features most clearly remembered after meeting someone for the first time. Interestingly, it is even more noticeable than other common elements of our appearance. When we walk into a room with a new haircut and a new pair of jeans, it is common for most people in the room to notice the former rather than the latter. For this reason, it is no real surprise that people often go to the hair salon before a job interview or their first day at a new company or school. [D] The desire to demonstrate control over our lives is the third main reason that psychologists provide. Studies show that men and women often change their hairstyles during a period of personal difficulty. Although this sometimes occurs after the loss of a job or relocation to a new city or country, the most common situation is after a breakup.1 By changing our hairstyles, we provide evidence to both ourselves and the world around us that we are in control of our lives. As Amy Lewis explains, changing hairstyles can be "empowering, especially when you feel like other aspects of your life are out of control." [E] The reason why hair is often chosen to demonstrate self-control is because it is one of the easiest things to change. Paying for a new hairstyle, after all, is much cheaper than buying a whole new wardrobe2 and much less permanent than getting a tattoo. Furthermore, our hair is an extremely visual, and thus noticeable, aspect of ourselves. [F] With this information in mind, the next time you visit your hairstylist, you should ask yourself: What is my real motivation for changing my hair? 1 A breakup is when a romantic relationship ends between two people. 2 A wardrobe is all the clothes that someone has. QUESTION: In paragraph B, what does the word straightforward mean?
DIRECTIONS: Cоmplete the sentences using the wоrds in the bоx. desire conform to devote gender consumers feаtures notion аssociаted with subjective uniform If you compare clothing from 60 years ago with those worn by people today, there has been a noticeable change in what people are wearing. In the 1960s, clothing was differentiated by [1]. Skirts and dresses were mostly [2] clothes for women, leaving slacks1 to men and boys. In an office or workplace, the men would all wear an identical style of dark-colored jackets and ties, like a(n) [3] . The very [4] of casual Friday, with everyone wearing jeans, would be astonishing2. However, what hasn't changed from the 1960s is that [5], both male and female, still love spending money on clothes. People still [6] a lot of time to shopping and choosing clothing. The [7] to look good is still strong. Many people still want to [8] what their peers are wearing, and others still want to show off their best physical [9] through their fashion choices. Even when everyone seems to be wearing the same style, [10] choices of color and accessories make each person's outfit unique. 1slacks - pants 2 astonishing - highly surprising; amazing