The Persian Empire, also known as the Achaemenid Empire, was…
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The Persiаn Empire, аlsо knоwn аs the Achaemenid Empire, was оne of the largest in history. At its height, the empire's territory spread from Egypt to the Indus River. In 550 BCE, a Persian king named Cyrus began conquering neighboring kingdoms. Cyrus ruled his empire in a unique way for that time. He was tolerant of the people he conquered and allowed them to keep their local customs, religion, and language. He governed through a system of provinces called satrapies, which were overseen by trusted governors, and connected his vast territory with an advanced communication network known as the Royal Road. These roads connected the empire and encouraged trade, communication, and allowed the military to move more quickly and effectively. Cyrus’s son Cambyses II added Egypt to Persian territory, and under Darius I, "the Great" (ruled 522–486 BC), the Achaemenid Empire reached the height of its power. Darius drew on the mixture of diverse cultures to fashion the distinctive court style in the art and architecture of his grand capitals at Susa and Persepolis. Darius was renowned for innovations in water control, including an extensive set of irrigation canals and wells known as qanats throughout his empire. He organized a new standardized currency and strengthened the economy introducing standard weights and measures. The Greeks first came into conflict with the Achaemenid Persians when Cyrus the Great captured the Greek cities in western Asia Minor. Darius the Great and later his son, Xerxes I, attempted several times to conquer Greece. The Persian Wars (also known as the Greco-Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts fought between the Persian Empire and a coalition of Greek city-states between 499 and 449 BCE. Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds. The longer spears and heavier armour of the bronze-clad Greek infantry prevailed over the Persians with their short spears, wicker shields, and padded clothing. The Greeks lost 192 soldiers, the Persians 6,400. The Greek victory preserved their civilization, preventing the Persian Empire from absorbing mainland Greece. This allowed Western culture to inherit Greek concepts of democracy, theater, and classical philosophy. QUESTIONS: 1. What were the characteristics and achievements of Persian civilization? 2. What was the impact of the Persian Wars on Persia and Greece? Your answer must be in your own words and must be supported by specific information from the reading. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.
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