(07.05 MC) Reаd the fоllоwing excerpt cаrefully befоre you choose your аnswer. This excerpt is taken from a letter written by a father to his son. "Though I employ so much of my time in writing to you, I confess I have often my doubts whether it is to any purpose. I know how unwelcome advice generally is ; I know that those who want it most like it and follow it least; and I know, too, that the advice of parents, more particularly, is ascribed to the moroseness, the imperiousness, or the garrulity of old age. But then, on the other hand, I flatter myself, that as your own reason (though too young as yet to suggest much to you of itself) is, however, strong enough to enable you both to judge of and receive plain truths: I flatter myself, I say, that your own reason, young as it is, must tell you, that I can have no interest but yours in the advice I give you; and that, consequently, you will at least weigh and consider it well: in which case, some of it will, I hope, have its effect." In context the phrase "the garrulity of old age" is best interpreted as the
(06.01 HC) Reаd the fоllоwing pаssаge carefully befоre you choose your answer. This passage is taken from a speech given by President Ronald Reagan to the people of West Berlin in 1987. (1) Chancellor Kohl, Governing Mayor Diepgen, ladies and gentlemen: Twenty-four years ago, President John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, speaking to the people of this city and the world at the City Hall. (2) Well, since then two other presidents have come, each in his turn, to Berlin. (3) And today I, myself, make my second visit to your city. (4) We come to Berlin, we American presidents, because it's our duty to speak, in this place, of freedom. (5) But I must confess, we're drawn here by other things as well: by the feeling of history in this city, more than 500 years older than our own nation; by the beauty of the Grunewald and the Tiergarten; most of all, by your courage and determination. (6) Perhaps the composer Paul Lincke understood something about American presidents. (7) You see, like so many presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do: Ich hab noch einen Koffer in Berlin. [I still have a suitcase in Berlin.] (8) Our gathering today is being broadcast throughout Western Europe and North America. (9) I understand that it is being seen and heard as well in the East. (10) To those listening throughout Eastern Europe, a special word: Although I cannot be with you, I address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me. (11) For I join you, as I join your fellow countrymen in the West, in this firm, this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur ein Berlin. [There is only one Berlin.] (12) Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe. (13) From the Baltic, south, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guard towers. Farther south, there may be no visible, no obvious wall. But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same—still a restriction on the right to travel, still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state. (14) Yet it is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly; here, cutting across your city, where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world. (15) Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German, separated from his fellow men. Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar. Which of the following sentences, if placed before sentence 12, would provide the most effective introduction to the topic of the paragraph?