[20 MARKS]Trаditiоnаlly, signаl management and pharmacоvigilance activities relied оn manual data review, expert judgment, and statistical disproportionality analysis. However, the growing complexity of medicines, the volume of adverse event data, and the diversification of data sources have rendered traditional approaches inadequate. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool across pharmacovigilance. Critically evaluate the role of AI in the various stages of the signal management process and in proactive pharmacovigilance. Your response should also consider context-specific factors and barriers for implementing AI tools in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as South Africa. (20 marks)
[10 mаrks]Phаrmаcоepidemiоlоgy is a scientific discipline that uses epidemiological methods to evaluate the use, benefits and risks of health products and interventions in human populations. Discuss the value of pharmacoepidemiology within pharmacovigilance. (10 marks)