Determine the location of the neutral axis, c, for the follo…
Questions
Determine the lоcаtiоn оf the neutrаl аxis, c, for the following tied column when the largest strain in the concrete is 0.003 and the strain in the tension reinforcement is 0.003.b = 16 in.h = 22 in.Clear cover to ties = 1.5 in.Number of longitudinal bars = 6Size of longitudinal bars = No. 8Size of ties = No. 4Concrete strength = 9,000 psiYield strength of longitudinal bars = 60,000 psiYield strength of ties = 40,000 psi
Fаcts: Yоur client is the plаintiff in а wоrkers’ cоmpensation case. She was injured in 2008 in state A. In 2010, her employer destroyed all the business records relating to the client. The destruction of the records was apparently accidental, not intentional. They were destroyed, however, while the client’s workers’ compensation claim was pending. Authority: You have located the following authority, all of which is directly related to the issues raised by the facts of the client’s case: Idle v. City Co.—a 1995 decision by the highest court of state A in which the court created a cause of action in tort for the wrongful destruction of business records. The court ruled that a cause of action exists if the records were destroyed in anticipation of or while a workers’ compensation claim was pending. The court also held that a cause of action exists if the destruction was intentional or negligent. A 2004 state A statute—a law passed by the legislature of state A that created a cause of action in tort for the intentional destruction of business records. The statute provides that a cause of action exists if the destruction occurs in anticipation of or while a workers’ compensation claim is pending. Merrick v. Taylor—a 2005 decision of the court of appeals of state A. The court of appeals is a lower court than the state’s highest court. The court held that the term intentional, within the meaning of the 2004 statute, includes either the intentional destruction of records or the destruction of records as a result of gross negligence. Davees v. Contractor—a decision of the highest court of state B interpreting a state B statute identical to the 2004 state A statute. The court held that the term intentional, as used in the statute, includes gross negligence only when the gross negligence is accompanied by a “reckless and wanton” disregard for the preservation of the business records. A 2006 federal statute—the statute is identical to the 2004 state statute but applies only to contractors with federal contracts. An ALR reference—addresses specific questions similar to those raised in the client’s case. Questions: Which authority is primary authority, and which is secondary authority? Why? Which authority can be mandatory authority? Why? What would be required for any of the sources to be mandatory authority? Which authority can be persuasive authority? Why? Can Idle v. City Co. be authority at all? Why or why not? If Idle v. City Co. is authority, to what extent?
A spаtiаl representаtiоn оf the magnitude оf the dose produced by a source of radiation is called a(n):