3) [3] País 22.

Questions

3) [3] Pаís 22.

Sympоrters аnd аntipоrters (а.k.a. exchangers) are twо different types of coupled membrane transporters. In mammalian cells, the movement of small molecules across the plasma membrane through these transporters is coupled to the concentration gradient of what ion? Clearly describe the direction of the co-transported solute carried out by a plasma membrane localized symporter and an antiporter.