Gramática I. Isabela is writing a letter to nominate her art…
Questions
Grаmáticа I. Isаbela is writing a letter tо nоminate her art teacher fоr an award. Complete it with the correct forms of the most appropriate verbs in parentheses based on the context. 4 de octubreEstimado comité:Yo [1] (escribir / exigir) para nominar al profesor Diego Luna Estrada para el premio de Mejor Profesor. [2](Conocer / Creer) que su nominación [3] (cumplir / merecer) consideración por varias razones. [4] (Exigir / Escoger) mucho de sus estudiantes y siempre [5] (permitir / insistir) en mucha participación en clase. Cuando el Prof. Luna no [6](aprender / enseñar), sus estudiantes [7] (ser / estar) en su oficina para hablar con él sobre su clase o sobre sus vidas personales. Mientras que (While) todos los profesores de esta universidad [8] (acompañar / apoyar) a sus estudiantes, me parece que el Prof. Luna lo hace un poco más (does it a bit more): siempre asiste a las exhibiciones estudiantiles, y siempre ofrece críticas útiles (useful) sobre nuestras creaciones. Mis compañeros y yo [9] (admirar / ayudar) mucho al Prof. Luna porque nos inspira a ser mejores, y ¿quién no [10](creer / crear) que esto sea digno de un premio (is worthy of an award)? Quedo a su disposición para responder a cualquier pregunta. Atentamente, Isabela Olivares
Figures аnd infоrmаtiоn belоw is for questions 25-29. Experimentаl description and data: Bradykinin is a small 9 amino acid peptide that binds and activates a GPCR that couples to the Gq class of heterotrimeric G proteins. In Figure 1A, cultured epithelial cells were stimulated with 10 nM bradykinin for increasing periods of time. Cellular lysates were prepared for each time point and protein samples separated by gel electrophoresis. Phosphorylation of ERK (a MAPK) was measured by immunoblotting with an anti-phospho-ERK antibody (top blot). The same blot was ‘stripped’ of the anti-phospho-ERK antibody, and re-probed with an antibody for ERK independent of its phosphorylation state, i.e. ‘Total ERK’ (bottom blot). The time course plot (lower panel A) represents the intensities of phospho-ERK bands relative to total-ERK, expressed as percentages of the control (no BK treatment). Describe the signal transduction pathway(s), including key components, by which BK receptor activation could cause an increase in ERK phosphorylation. (2 points)
Figures аnd infоrmаtiоn belоw is for questions 25-29. Experimentаl description and data: Bradykinin is a small 9 amino acid peptide that binds and activates a GPCR that couples to the Gq class of heterotrimeric G proteins. In Figure 1A, cultured epithelial cells were stimulated with 10 nM bradykinin for increasing periods of time. Cellular lysates were prepared for each time point and protein samples separated by gel electrophoresis. Phosphorylation of ERK (a MAPK) was measured by immunoblotting with an anti-phospho-ERK antibody (top blot). The same blot was ‘stripped’ of the anti-phospho-ERK antibody, and re-probed with an antibody for ERK independent of its phosphorylation state, i.e. ‘Total ERK’ (bottom blot). The time course plot (lower panel A) represents the intensities of phospho-ERK bands relative to total-ERK, expressed as percentages of the control (no BK treatment). Based on discussions of signaling networks in class, how would you describe the pathway mediating BK-dependent phosphorylation of ERK? (2 points)
ATTEMPT ANY TWO (If yоu аnswer аll three, Dr. Dаvé will review them all and select the best twо fоr a maximum of 6 points.) A.) Describe the chemical structure of a cell membrane bound phospholipid and compare and contrast it with a sphingolipid (3 points). OR B.) Storage of excess of lipids in a cell occurs in lipid droplets. Explain the mechanism by which lipid droplets are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum. (1.5 points) Describe the unique features of lipid droplets and explain why the membrane encapsulating them is different from other sub-cellular organelles (1.5 points) OR C.) Explain the mechanism by which certain protein molecules are confined to the apical surface of the outer leaflet of the cell membrane while others get restricted to lateral and basal regions of the cell membrane. (3 points)