Which invertebrate chordates have all chordate characteristi…
Questions
Which invertebrаte chоrdаtes hаve all chоrdate characteristics as larvae and adults?
Which invertebrаte chоrdаtes hаve all chоrdate characteristics as larvae and adults?
Which invertebrаte chоrdаtes hаve all chоrdate characteristics as larvae and adults?
Which invertebrаte chоrdаtes hаve all chоrdate characteristics as larvae and adults?
#44 IV-D Which оf the fоllоwing is а limitаtion of stаndardized assessments for TBI
A university recently deplоyed а centrаlized Student Mаnagement Pоrtal (SMP) accessible via web and mоbile apps.The portal allows students to: Register for courses, View grades, Update personal information (address, phone, emergency contact), Request official documents (transcripts, enrollment verification). Key architectural elements: Web Frontend: Deployed over HTTPS. Mobile App: Communicates with the same backend using APIs. Authentication: SSO (Single Sign-On) using the university's existing LDAP directory. Database: Stores all student records, grades, and personal data. Document Request Service: An internal server generates PDFs dynamically based on student inputs. Notification System: Sends emails and SMS alerts when document requests are processed or profile changes are made. Operational Constraints: The SMP frontend uses client-side JavaScript for form validation. API endpoints accept JSON payloads and apply minimal server-side validation. The Document Request Service directly reads user inputs to populate document templates. The Notification System uses hardcoded credentials to connect to external SMS/email gateways. Regular backups are made, but there’s no versioning of modified student data. Stakeholder concerns: The Curious Student: A student with minimal technical skills decides to modify the mobile app's API requests using a proxy tool. They wonder if they can request another student's transcript by changing the "student_id" field in a document request. The Insider: A university IT helpdesk employee realizes that the credentials for the Notification System (email/SMS) are the same across all systems and stored in a script file. They decide to quietly siphon private student data by sending phishing emails pretending to be from the university registrar. The Forgotten Student: A graduate student realizes that after several address changes during their studies, old versions of their data were lost (overwritten without versioning). Later, they struggle to prove their enrollment for a visa application, because the portal record has errors and no historical backup to validate prior data. The Automated Bot: A botnet operator discovers the SMP's form validation only happens in JavaScript on the client side. They script thousands of fake document requests, overloading the Document Request Service and causing delays for real students. The Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): A hacker sets up a rogue Wi-Fi hotspot near campus that looks like the official university network. A student connects and logs into the SMP through it, exposing their SSO credentials, because their mobile app doesn't validate SSL certificates properly. Task: You are tasked with conducting a structured threat analysis focused on this SMP system. Your analysis must: Identify and describe specific, realistic threats using the STRIDE model. For each identified threat, describe it in the following format: [threat source] [prerequisites] can [threat action], which leads to [threat impact], negatively impacting [impacted assets]. Critical Requirements: You must use only information explicitly provided in the scenario and stakeholder concerns. Vague, generic statements (e.g., “an attacker could steal data”) without clear technical linkage to the SMP architecture will receive zero credit. Your analysis must demonstrate an advanced, senior-level understanding of system security design and threat reasoning. You should extract concrete, architecturally grounded threat pathways rather than theorize broadly about cybersecurity. At least one threat should be mapped to each STRIDE category (Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, Elevation of Privilege). You may use the stakeholder stories to support your analysis, but you must still tie threats explicitly to the system's structure and behavior. Submit a document (Word or TXT) with the threats enumerated. For each STRIDE category, you must have: Names a specific threat identified, Provides a detailed threat description using the prescribed format, Links the threat logically to elements in the provided architecture and stakeholder scenarios. Rubric Criterion Excellent (Full Points) Partial (Half Points) Poor/None (Zero Points) Points 1. Correct Mapping to SMP Architecture and Stakeholder Concerns (10 pts) Each threat is clearly linked to specific components or processes described (e.g., API, LDAP, Notification System, Mobile App) and uses stakeholder cases correctly. Some threats reference components, but connections are vague, partial, or not fully grounded in the scenario. Threats are generic, do not reference architecture elements, or misuse stakeholder scenarios. /10 2. Complete STRIDE Coverage (10 pts) At least one realistic, non-generic threat correctly identified and described for each STRIDE category (Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, Elevation of Privilege). Only 4-5 STRIDE categories are covered; or some threats are repetitive or generic across categories. 3 or fewer STRIDE categories covered; threats are not clearly distinguished. /10 3. Technical Depth and Realism (10 pts) Threat descriptions show deep understanding of attack pathways, including realistic actions, impacts, and assets affected, based on operational details. Some threat descriptions are technically plausible but lack detail or show minor misunderstandings of realistic system behaviors. Threats are superficial, unrealistic, or show fundamental misunderstanding of threat mechanisms. /10 4. Correct Use of Prescribed Threat Description Format (10 pts) Each threat strictly follows the template: [threat source] [prerequisites] can [threat action], which leads to [threat impact], negatively impacting [impacted assets]. Minor format inconsistencies (e.g., missing 1 element or slight disorder), but overall understandable. Format not followed, missing multiple key parts, or completely disorganized. /10