“The Anti-Federаlists chаrged thаt the authоrs оf the Cоnstitution had failed to put up strong enough barriers to block this inevitably corrupting and tyrannical force. They painted a very black picture indeed of what the national representatives might and probably would do with the unchecked power conferred upon them under the provisions of the new Constitution. . . . But [the Anti-Federalists] lacked both the faith and the vision to extend their principles nationwide.” Cecelia M. Kenyon, “Men of Little Faith: The Anti-Federalists on the Nature of Representative Government,” 1955 By the 1790s the idea of the Anti-Federalists contributed most directly to the
“Fоr the increаse оf shipping . . . frоm thenceforwаrd, no goods or commodities whаtsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging . . . but in ships or vessels as do . . . belong only to the people of England . . . and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are English. . . . “And it is further enacted . . . that . . . no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigos, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be . . . transported from any of the said English plantations [colonies] to any land . . . other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty.” English Parliament, Navigation Act of 1660 In the 1760s many English colonists in North America reacted to imperial governance by: